Changelog

Infrastructure applications support independent multi-factor authentication (MFA) with FIDO2 keys. You can allow ssh_fido2_key, piv_key, or both in application-level and policy-level MFA settings.

Users enroll FIDO2 keys through the App Launcher and connect with the generated SSH identity. FIDO2 keys for SSH are separate from browser-based WebAuthn security keys and Personal Identity Verification (PIV) keys.

For setup instructions, refer to Enroll a FIDO2 key for infrastructure apps and Configure MFA for infrastructure applications.

Cloudflare Gateway now automatically detects Model Context Protocol (MCP) ↗ traffic flowing through your network. MCP is the standard protocol used by AI agents to connect to external tools and data sources. Gateway identifies MCP requests by inspecting protocol-specific headers and payload characteristics.

A new Is MCP selector (experimental.is_mcp) is available in HTTP policies. Use this selector to build Gateway rules that allow, block, or isolate MCP traffic.

This selector is currently in beta and may change before general availability.

For example, the following policy blocks MCP traffic that does not arrive through an approved MCP portal:

A new AI security report dashboard under Insights & Logs > Dashboards provides visibility into MCP usage across your organization. The dashboard includes:

• Total MCP request volume, unique users, and unique MCP servers
• A timeseries chart of unique MCP servers observed over time
• A summary of Gateway policies that target MCP traffic

For more information, refer to HTTP policies.

Gateway HTTP and Network policies now include a Traffic Source selector that identifies how traffic reaches Cloudflare. This allows administrators to write policies that target specific on-ramp methods - for example, applying different rules to traffic arriving via the Cloudflare One Client compared to traffic routed through an MCP portal or a proxy endpoint.

The selector uses the net.onramp.type API field in both HTTP and Network policies.

A Browser Isolation selector is also available in Network and HTTP policies. This selector identifies whether the current session is running inside Remote Browser Isolation, allowing administrators to apply different policy behavior to isolated traffic.

For more information, refer to HTTP policies and Network policies.

Hostname routing ↗ is now generally available. Instead of managing static IP lists and routes, you can route traffic by hostname across multiple Cloudflare One connectors:

• Cloudflare Tunnel: route a private hostname (for example, wiki.internal.local) to a private application behind your tunnel, or a public hostname (for example, bank.example.com) to egress through a specific tunnel and anchor traffic to a dedicated exit node.
• Cloudflare Mesh: attract a private or public hostname's traffic to a Mesh node.

Alongside GA, the default IPv4 range used for initial resolved IPs (also called token IPs) is changing from a Carrier-Grade NAT (CGNAT) range to a public Cloudflare-owned range:

• IPv4: 172.64.128.0/20
• IPv6: 2606:4700:0cf1:4000::/64

This is the default range. You can configure a custom initial resolved IP range for IPv4 if it conflicts with your existing network.

Why this is changing: Starting with Chrome 142 ↗, Local Network Access (LNA) restrictions block background requests to CGNAT addresses (100.64.0.0/10), which included the previous initial resolved IP default (100.80.0.0/16). LNA is implemented at the Chromium engine level, so it affects all Chromium-based browsers (for example, Microsoft Edge, Brave, and Opera), not only Google Chrome. This could silently break hostname-based Gateway features for users of these browsers, and required Chrome Enterprise policy workarounds. The new default range is public Cloudflare address space, so it is not affected by this restriction.

What is affected: Initial resolved IPs are used by several features that associate a DNS query with the network connection that follows it:

• Private and public hostname routing for Cloudflare Tunnel
• Hostname routes for Cloudflare Mesh
• Access private applications on non-HTTPS ports
• Egress policy host selectors (Domain, Host, Application, and Content Categories)

You can check your account's current range, or configure a custom range, at any time from Zero Trust > Team & Resources > Devices > Device profiles, or using the Initial Resolved IP Subnet API.

For full instructions, refer to Configure initial resolved IPs. The IPv6 range (2606:4700:0cf1:4000::/64) is unchanged and is not affected by this restriction.

If you were relying on a Chrome Enterprise policy workaround (such as LocalNetworkAccessRestrictionsTemporaryOptOut) while your account was still on the legacy CGNAT-based range, refer to Google Chrome restricts access to private hostnames for next steps.

Cloudflare Mesh nodes can now run as Docker containers. The cloudflare/mesh ↗ image is available on Docker Hub for Docker Compose, Kubernetes, and any OCI-compatible runtime — no host-level package installation required.

The image supports amd64 and arm64 architectures and includes built-in source NAT so return traffic routes correctly without VPC route table changes.

• Docker Compose — add a cloudflare-mesh service to your compose.yaml and connect your entire stack to a private network.
• Kubernetes StatefulSet — deploy a standalone Mesh node with persistent registration state.
• Kubernetes sidecar — add the Mesh image as a sidecar container in a Pod to connect an application to Cloudflare without application changes.
• CI/CD — pull the image in a pipeline step, join the Mesh, run integration tests against private infrastructure, and tear down. The node disappears when the container exits.

For high availability, run multiple replicas with the same Mesh node token. Cloudflare operates replicas in active-passive mode with automatic failover.

For setup steps, runtime configuration, and deployment examples, refer to Run Mesh in Docker / Kubernetes.

You can now set a maximum time-to-live (TTL) for DNS responses returned by Gateway. When an upstream DNS record has a TTL that exceeds the configured maximum, Gateway caps it to your specified value. This ensures that DNS policy changes - such as blocking a newly identified malicious domain - take effect faster across all clients.

The setting is available at two levels:

• Account level - In Traffic Policies > Traffic Settings, under Proxy and inspection. This sets the default cap for all DNS locations.
• Per-location - Each DNS location can inherit the account setting, disable the cap, or override it with a custom value.

Two new fields are also available in DNS logs: upstream_record_ttls (the original TTL from the upstream response) and applied_max_ttl (the cap Gateway applied). These appear in the DNS logs column picker and in Logpush datasets.

For more information, refer to Maximum DNS TTL.

You can now restart, reboot, or shut down a Cloudflare One Appliance directly from the dashboard or via API.

• Restart — Restart managed services. Purges temporary and (optionally) persistent state.
• Reboot — Power cycle the appliance. Optionally, purge persistent state. Re-applies configuration starting from scratch.
• Shutdown — Power off the appliance. Optionally, purge persistent state. The machine will be offline until manually powered on again.

In the dashboard, go to Networking > Connectors > Appliances, select an appliance, then Edit > Operations to send an operation. Via API, POST to the /accounts/{account_id}/magic/connectors/{connector_id}/interrupts endpoint.

For details, refer to Appliance operations.

Users in browser-based RDP sessions can now print multiple PDF files as a single print job. Copy the files to your clipboard on the remote machine, then select Print all PDFs in the clipboard panel. The files are combined into one PDF and sent to your local printer.

Bulk print is available in Chromium-based browsers and Firefox. For more information, refer to Print PDFs for browser-based RDP.

Cloudflare IPsec now supports the IKE_SA_INIT_FULL_TRANSCRIPT_AUTH ↗ IKEv2 extension to protect against downgrade attacks on IPsec tunnels.

IKEv2's original authentication design has each endpoint sign only its own outbound messages, not the full handshake transcript. A quantum-capable on-path attacker ↗ can exploit this to bypass post-quantum key exchange by downgrading the connection to classical cryptography. The IKE_SA_INIT_FULL_TRANSCRIPT_AUTH extension addresses this by having both peers sign the entire handshake transcript during the authentication exchange, preventing an attacker from manipulating the negotiation without detection.

Key details:

• Available in beta for Cloudflare WAN and Magic Transit IPsec tunnels.
• Cloudflare sends the IKE_SA_INIT_FULL_TRANSCRIPT_AUTH notification unconditionally as a responder when the feature flag is enabled.
• Both the initiator (your device) and responder (Cloudflare) must support the extension for downgrade protection to be effective.
• This feature is currently gated by a per-account feature flag. Contact your account team to turn it on.

Refer to Downgrade protection for more details.

You can now configure file transfer controls for browser-based RDP with Cloudflare Access, allowing you to restrict whether users can upload or download files between their local machine and the remote Windows server.

This feature is useful for organizations that support bring-your-own-device (BYOD) policies or third-party contractors using unmanaged devices. By restricting file transfers, you can prevent sensitive data from being moved out of the remote session to a user's personal device.

File transfer controls are configured per policy within your Access application, alongside existing text clipboard controls. For each policy, you can select one of the following options:

• Client to remote RDP session allowed — Users can upload files from their local machine into the browser-based RDP session.
• Remote RDP session to client allowed — Users can download files from the browser-based RDP session to their local machine.
• Both directions allowed — Users can upload and download files between their local machine and the browser-based RDP session.
• Disable copying/pasting — Users are not allowed to transfer files between their local machine and the browser-based RDP session.

By default, file transfer is denied for new policies. For existing Access applications created before this feature was available, file transfer remains denied.

To upload, drag files into the browser window or select the settings gear icon on the left side of the RDP session. To download, copy a file in the remote session and select the settings gear to download it, download multiple files as a zip, or print PDFs to a local printer.

This feature is in beta and available on all Zero Trust plans. For more information, refer to File transfer for browser-based RDP.

Browser Isolation now supports Gateway authorization proxy endpoints. You can apply HTTP Isolate policies to traffic routed through authorization proxy endpoints, the same way you can for traffic from the Cloudflare One Client.

Previously, only source IP proxy endpoints supported Browser Isolation, and only with non-identity policies. Because authorization proxy endpoints authenticate users through an identity provider, you can now apply identity-based Isolate policies to PAC file-proxied traffic without requiring the Cloudflare One Client.

To get started, create an authorization proxy endpoint and build an Isolate policy.

You can now register a Cloudflare One Virtual Appliance and generate its license key directly from the dashboard, without contacting your account team.

• On the Connectors page, select Add an appliance and choose Virtual appliance to register a virtual appliance and generate its authentication key.
• Use Regenerate authentication key from a virtual appliance connector's menu to rotate its key. The previous key is immediately and irrevocably revoked.
• The authentication key is shown only once — copy and store it securely.

This complements the existing API and Terraform self-serve workflow for provisioning virtual appliances. Hardware appliances continue to use the existing account-team fulfillment workflow.

For details, refer to Configure a Cloudflare One Virtual Appliance.

You can now add hostname routes to a Cloudflare Mesh node, in addition to CIDR routes.

Instead of managing IP ranges, you can attract traffic for a hostname to a Mesh node:

• Private hostname (for example, wiki.internal.local) — reach an internal application by name, which is useful when it has an unknown or ephemeral IP. On Mesh you do not need to run a DNS server; a local hosts-file entry on the node is enough, or you can use a Gateway resolver policy for split DNS.
• Public hostname (for example, www.example.com) — route that hostname's traffic through the node and egress via the node's public IP.

For setup steps, prerequisites, and DNS options, refer to Hostname routes.

You can now assign granular, resource-scoped roles for Cloudflare Gateway firewall policies and Zero Trust lists. Administrators can delegate access to specific policy types or list management without granting account-wide or product-wide control.

When you add a member or create a permission policy, the following resource-scoped roles are now available:

These roles allow you to:

• Grant a network engineer write access to Network policies only, without exposing DNS or HTTP policy configuration.
• Allow a security analyst to view all Gateway policies in read-only mode for auditing purposes.
• Delegate list management to a team that maintains block and allow lists without giving them access to policy configuration.

You can also now assign Resource-scoped roles. These roles are complementary to existing account-level roles, and allow you to grant access to a specific resource, like an individual Gateway policy or Cloudflare One list. Existing account-level roles continue to work. A member with the Cloudflare Gateway or Cloudflare Zero Trust role retains full access to all Gateway resources. This ensures backward compatibility for existing automation and API tokens.

• Review the resource-scoped roles on the Cloudflare role reference.
• Learn how to create permission policies that use these roles.

You can now connect autonomous agents and bots to an MCP server portal using an Access service token. Service token sessions can reach upstream MCP servers through the portal without a browser-based OAuth flow.

To set this up:

• Add a Service Auth policy that matches your service token to the portal's Access application.
• Add a Service Auth policy that matches the same token to each linked MCP server's Access application.
• Turn Require user auth off (on_behalf: false) for each linked server so the portal uses the admin credential instead of a per-user OAuth grant.

The bot connects with CF-Access-Client-Id and CF-Access-Client-Secret headers and sees the tools from every linked server it is authorized for. Servers that still require per-user OAuth are excluded from service token sessions because a service token cannot complete a per-user OAuth grant.

For step-by-step setup, refer to Connect with a service token.

The Routes page in the Cloudflare dashboard now shows the routes across all of your connectors — Cloudflare Mesh and Cloudflare Tunnel routes alongside Cloudflare WAN and Magic Transit static routes — in a single table, instead of a separate routes view per product.

From the unified Routes page you can:

• Visualize your network with an interactive map that shows how your destinations flow through to your connectors — including equal-cost multi-path (ECMP) routes where the same prefix is served by several connectors. Select a node to filter the table down to the routes behind it.
• See every route in one table, with its destination, type, connector, priority, and source, and filter or sort to find what you need.
• Create, edit, and delete routes of any supported type without leaving the page. When adding a Cloudflare WAN or Magic Transit static route, you now pick the next hop by connector name instead of typing its IP.
• Manage virtual networks from a dedicated tab.
• Test a route to see which connector and next hop a destination resolves to before you commit a change.

To find it, go to Networking > Routes in the dashboard sidebar.

Your existing routes, APIs, and configurations are unchanged — this is a dashboard experience that brings them together in one place. Learn how to add routes and manage virtual networks.

When you create a new Zero Trust organization, Cloudflare now adds the Cloudflare identity provider as your default login method. Previously, new organizations started with one-time PIN (OTP).

With the Cloudflare identity provider, your users authenticate using their existing Cloudflare account credentials, and authentication is restricted to members of your account. You can still add OTP or connect any third-party identity provider whenever you need to.

This change only applies to newly created accounts. Existing organizations keep the login methods they already have configured. If you would like to use the Cloudflare Identity Provider in an existing account, you must enable it.

The Cisco IOS XE third-party integration guide for Cloudflare WAN has been updated to include:

• Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC)
• Policy-Based Routing (PBR)
• IP Service Level Agreement (IP SLA)

This link will take you directly to the updated Cisco IOS XE guide.

The Cloudflare Mesh dashboard now shows per-replica details for high availability nodes. You can see which replica is active, view each replica's Mesh IP and connection details, and manually trigger failover — all from the node detail page.

• Replica tabs on the node detail page — switch between replicas to see each one's Mesh IP, edge data center, origin IP, platform, version, and uptime.
• Active/passive badges identify which replica is currently routing traffic.
• Manual failover — promote a passive replica to active with a single click. The previous active replica switches to standby.
• HA badge in the overview table identifies nodes running multiple replicas.
• Active replica IP shown in the overview table — the dashboard now resolves which replica is active and displays the correct Mesh IP.

To manually promote a passive replica:

1. In the Cloudflare dashboard ↗, go to Networking > Mesh.
2. Select an HA-enabled node.
3. Select the passive replica tab.
4. Select Promote to active and confirm.

Traffic reroutes to the promoted replica immediately. Refer to High availability for details on failover behavior.

Cloudflare Gateway policy selectors which support regular expressions can now be authored in the dashboard using natural language. When building a policy with a regex-based selector (like matches regex), you can describe what you want to match in plain English and the Cloudflare Agent will generate and validate a corresponding regular expression.

To get started, select a regex-compatible selector in the Gateway policy builder and select the icon. You'll see an input field for natural language, such as "any URL starting with /api/v1" or ".com, .net, and .app hosts which contain gooogle in the host."

You can also use the tool to explain existing regular expressions. If a policy already contains a regex pattern, you can instantly generate a plain-language description.

A built-in feedback mechanism allows you to rate each interaction to help improve output quality over time.

For more information, refer to Cloudflare One firewall policies and expect to see the same functionality supported soon in Data loss prevention profiles.

You can now scope Cloudflare permissions to individual Cloudflare Tunnel instances and Cloudflare Mesh nodes. Administrators can delegate access to specific Tunnels or Mesh nodes without granting account-wide control over private networking.

When you add a member or create a permission policy, the resource picker now lists Cloudflare Tunnel instances and Cloudflare Mesh nodes as scopable resource types. You can:

• Grant a read-only role on a single Cloudflare Tunnel instance to a support operator for log streaming and diagnostics — without exposing other Tunnels or destructive actions.
• Grant a write role on a specific Cloudflare Mesh node to an application team — without giving them access to the rest of your private network.
• Scope a single policy to one or many Tunnels and Mesh nodes at once.

Granular permissions are a parallel layer to existing account-level roles — they do not replace them.

• Existing account-level roles continue to work. A member with Cloudflare Access or Cloudflare Zero Trust retains write access to every Tunnel and Mesh node in the account. This ensures backward compatibility for existing automation and tokens.
• Granular permissions are additive. For any API request on a specific Tunnel or Mesh node, access is granted if the principal has either the account-level role or a granular permission for that resource.
• Resource enumeration is authorization-aware. Listing endpoints (GET /accounts/{id}/cfd_tunnel, GET /accounts/{id}/warp_connector) return only the resources the principal has at least read access to.

• Configure granular permissions for Cloudflare Tunnel.
• Configure granular permissions for Cloudflare Tunnel and Cloudflare Mesh in Cloudflare One.
• Review the resource-scoped roles on the Cloudflare role reference.

The Access login page and one-time password (OTP) page now feature a refreshed design that improves visual consistency, user trust, and mobile responsiveness.

Before:

After:

The updated login experience includes:

• Unified authentication card - All sign-in options (identity provider buttons, email input, OTP) now appear in a single card with consistent styling, replacing the previous multi-section layout.
• Consistent button styling - Identity provider buttons use a uniform size and layout for easier scanning and selection.
• Better mobile experience - Responsive layout improvements ensure the login page renders correctly on phones and tablets.
• Dark mode support - The login page now supports dark mode.

New Magic Transit and Cloudflare WAN accounts are now assigned a single IPv4 anycast address by default.

Cloudflare handles failures on its network automatically by advertising your endpoint IP from multiple nodes across many globally distributed data centers. To handle failures on your network, configure two tunnels from separate routers.

To request additional anycast IP addresses for your account, contact your account team.

For tunnel configuration guidance, refer to Configure tunnel endpoints for Cloudflare WAN or Configure tunnel endpoints for Magic Transit.

When the Cloudflare One Appliance is acting as the DHCP server for a LAN, you can now configure custom DHCP options on the leases it issues. This unlocks workflows such as PXE / iPXE boot, VoIP phone provisioning, and vendor-specific client configuration.

Each option is defined by option_number, value, and one of four value types: text, integer, hex, or ip. Configurations are validated on the appliance before being applied — invalid configurations are rejected and the underlying error is returned to the API caller, so a bad option will not disrupt the live DHCP service.

For details, refer to DHCP server options.

Breakout and traffic prioritization rules on the Cloudflare One Appliance can now match by source in addition to destination application. You can pin breakout or priority behavior to:

• A source LAN interface — VLANs attached to that LAN are included automatically.
• A source IP address, range, or CIDR block.

This is the natural way to break out a guest VLAN to the local Internet, or to prioritize traffic from a specific subnet, without enumerating destination applications.

For details, refer to Breakout traffic.